[ 练习 ]

1. 改错

① It is you which decides your future. 

        who

② I do not believe what our future has already been decided.

        that

③ Expensive restaurants do not let in people who clothing is untidy.

        whose

④ I would like to build a small house that I can live with my family.

        where

⑤ Scientists wonder why we will have another ice age in the future or not.

        wether

⑥ There is no room for doubt that modern technology has increased people’s quality of life.

2. 翻译练习【主语从句 or 宾语从句】

① ⼈们认为他们可以利⽤假期从⽇常⽣活中获得⽚刻休息

        People think that they have vacations to take breaks from their daily routines.

② 你是富有还是贫穷不能决定你的价值。

        Whether you are rich or poor does not detement your worth.

③ 科学家们已经在研究做什么可以阻⽌全球变暖。

        Scientists have studied what can be done to stop global warming.

④ 许多⼈都不清楚⽹络犯罪有多严重。

        Many people do not know how serious Internet crimes are.

⑤ 我的⽗母教导我不应该利⽤他⼈。

        My parents told me that I should not take advantage of others.

⑥ ⼀个好⽼师应该做的是⿎励他的学⽣努⼒尝试。

        What a good teacher should do is to encourage his students to try harder.

[ 被动语态 ]

[ 填空练习 ]

① Since the first space mission, many communication satellites_________. (launch)

② Yesterday, Peter______ (give) a ticket for speeding.

③ New officers _______ (elect) by our club when we hold our next meeting.

④ By the time the applicant makes up his mind, the offer______.(cancel)

[ 阅读分析 ]

The public authorities made efforts to take bolder action to ensure the supply of fresh water from this parallel source and a number of projects were suggested during the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries to channel river water and even to construct an aqueduct.

Similar reasoning suggested that one could estimate total elapsed geologic time by dividing the average thickness of sediment transported annually to the oceans into the total thickness of sedimentary rock that had ever been deposited in the past.

As a result, Earth’s surface has been continually changed and eroded into delicate systems of river valleys—a remarkable contrast to the surfaces of other planetary bodies where impact craters dominate.

[ 被动语态和系表结构 ]

构成

        be动词 + 过去分词(done)

主要区别

        被动语态 强调动作

        系表结构 强调状态

区别方法

1. 形式上

        被动语态 + by 施动者 (多半是人)

        系表结构 + 搭配

        be joined to        be connected with        be separated from  与…分开

        be covered with        be interested in        be surprised at  感到惊讶

        be satisfied with        be concerned about  关心

2. 时态上

        被动语态的 be 时态要与动作发生的时间一致

        系表结构的 be 一般时或完成时，表示目前或过去的性质或状态

3. 状语

        若句中有时间、方式或目的的状语时，一般为 被动语态

        若过去分词前有 well，very，quite 等副词修饰的是 系表结构

4. 过去分词

        被动语态 中的过去分词必须是及物动词

        系表结构的过去分词可以是 gone，fallen，risen等不及物动词 

[ 造句练习 ]

1.形式上的区别

① 这房⼦被警察包围了。

        The house was surrounded by the police.

② 这房⼦四周都是树。

        The house was surrounded by trees.

2. 时态上的区别

① 这窗户是凯特昨天打破的

        The window was broken by Kate yesterday.

② 这块玻璃是破的。

        This glass is broken.

3. 句中状语

① 这剧本是⾮常⽤⼼地写出来的。

        The play was written with great care.

② 这剧本写得很好。

        The play is well written.

4. 过去分词

① 我的钢笔不见了。

        My pen is gone.

② 太阳升起来了。

        The sun is risen.

[ 阅读分析 ]

The amazing capability of mynahs has apparently arisen simply because birds in an area learn a small number of their calls from each other, males from males and females from females, and these calls are highly varied in structure.

If a branch is not producing enough carbohydrate to cover its own running costs—i.e., it needs to be subsidized by other branches because, for example, it is being shaded and receives little light— it will usually be got rid of.

In this situation, branches are shed in the same way as foliage in autumn by the prior formation of a corky layer that leaves the wound sealed over with cork, which in turn is under-grown with wood the following year.

Because of this difference, foraging modes may alternate at successive levels in the food chain: insects that move about may be captured by lizards that are sit-and-wait foragers, and those lizards may be eaten by active predators, whereas insects that are sedentary are more likely to be discovered by lizards that are active foragers, and those lizards may be caught by sit-and-wait predators.